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Titanium Grade 2 (CP Titanium / Commercially Pure)
Titanium Grade 2 (Grade 2 CP Ti), also known as commercially pure titanium, is an unalloyed titanium grade with a minimum purity of 99.3% titanium. It represents the most widely used of the four commercially pure titanium grades (Grades 1–4), offering the optimal balance of moderate strength, excellent formability, outstanding corrosion resistance, and proven biocompatibility. While not as strong as Ti-6Al-4V, Grade 2 delivers superior weldability, ductility, and ease of fabrication — making it the material of choice for chemical processing equipment, marine hardware, medical implants where ductility matters, and architectural applications.
Mechanical Properties
- Density: 4.51 g/cm³
- Tensile Strength: 345 MPa
- Yield Strength: 275 MPa
- Elongation at Break: 20%
- Hardness: HRB ~80
- Modulus of Elasticity: 105 GPa
- Thermal Conductivity: 16.4 W/m·K
- Electrical Conductivity: ~0.4 % IACS
- Melting Point: 1665 °C
- Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 8.4 × 10⁻⁶ /°C
Advantages
✔ Superior Corrosion Resistance — Even more corrosion-resistant than Ti-6Al-4V in many environments; virtually immune to seawater, chlorides, and oxidizing acid media
✔ Excellent Formability & Weldability — The most formable and weldable of all titanium grades; can be cold-formed, deep-drawn, and welded with standard TIG/MIG processes
✔ Proven Biocompatibility — Fully compliant with ISO 10993 and ASTM F67; non-allergenic and tissue-friendly for long-term implant applications
✔ Moderate Machinability — Easier to machine than Ti-6Al-4V due to lower strength and absence of alpha-beta microstructure complications
✔ Lightweight — Density of only 4.51 g/cm³ (~57% of steel) with adequate structural strength for many applications
Machining & Manufacturing
| Parameter | Specification | Notes |
| Cutting Speed | Carbide tooling: 60–150 SFM (18–45 m/min) | Speed higher than Ti-6Al-4V, much lower than aluminum |
| Feed Rate | Roughing: 0.05–0.15 mm/revFinishing: 0.02–0.08 mm/rev | — |
| Tooling | Solid carbide tools preferred, 8°–12° positive rake; TiAlN coated inserts recommended. HSS only for light machining | — |
| Coolant | High-pressure flood coolant (≥50 bar), water-soluble oil is preferred; MQL works for light cuts | Ensures heat dissipation and chip removal |
| Machining Difficulty | Moderate to Difficult | Machinability better than Ti-6Al-4V, need strict heat control and tool wear monitoring |
Special Notes:
- Use sharp tools and maintain consistent cutting action to avoid work-hardening at the surface
- Avoid using the same tools that have machined steel or iron — cross-contamination causes surface embrittlement ("iron contamination")
- Higher thermal conductivity (16.4 W/m·K vs. 6.7 W/m·K for Grade 5) allows somewhat higher cutting speeds than Ti-6Al-4V
- Excellent for sheet metal forming operations (press brake, hydroforming) before CNC machining if needed
- Chip formation is less problematic than with Grade 5 but still benefits from chip-breaker geometries
Common Applications
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